| Introduction | Reunion |
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Background:
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The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration, supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians, gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route. |
| Geography | Reunion |
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Location:
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Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar |
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Geographic coordinates:
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21 06 S, 55 36 E |
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Map references:
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World |
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Area:
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total: 2,517 sq km land: 2,507 sq km water: 10 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Rhode Island |
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Land boundaries:
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0 km |
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Coastline:
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207 km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
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Climate:
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tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April) |
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Terrain:
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mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m |
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Natural resources:
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fish, arable land, hydropower |
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Land use:
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arable land: 13.94% permanent crops: 1.59% other: 84.47% (2005) |
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Irrigated land:
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120 sq km (2003) |
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Natural hazards:
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periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano |
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Environment - current issues:
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NA |
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Geography - note:
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this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean |
| People | Reunion |
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Population:
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787,584 (July 2006 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 29.8% (male 120,147/female 114,589) 15-64 years: 64% (male 248,895/female 255,156) 65 years and over: 6.2% (male 19,847/female 28,950) (2006 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 26.9 years male: 25.7 years female: 28.1 years (2006 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.34% (2006 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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18.9 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
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Death rate:
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5.49 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 7.63 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.37 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 74.18 years male: 70.78 years female: 77.75 years (2006 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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2.45 children born/woman (2006 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese |
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Ethnic groups:
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French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995) |
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Languages:
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French (official), Creole widely used |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.9% male: 87% female: 90.8% (2003 est.) |
| Government | Reunion |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island |
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Dependency status:
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overseas department of France |
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Government type:
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NA |
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Capital:
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Saint-Denis |
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Administrative divisions:
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none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons |
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Independence:
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none (overseas department of France) |
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National holiday:
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Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) |
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Constitution:
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4 October 1958 (French Constitution) |
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Legal system:
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French law |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Laurent CAYREL (since 16 July 2005) head of government: President of the General Council Nassimah DINDAR (since NA March 2004) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA); Regional Council - last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held in 2010) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council (second round) - percent of vote by party - PCR 44.9%, UMP 32.8%, PS-Greens 22.3%; seats by party - PCR 27, UMP 11, PS-Greens 7 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held in 2001 (next to be held in 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRC 1, UDF 1, UMP 1; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 3, PS 1, independent 1 |
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Judicial branch:
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Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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InOC, UPU, WFTU |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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none (overseas department of France) |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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none (overseas department of France) |
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Flag description:
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unofficial, local flag designed to emphasize solidarity among the people of Reunion; the field is divided vertically with three narrow stripes of blue, white, and red along the hoist edge representing the French national flag; the remainder of the field is divided diagonally into four triangles colored (clockwise from the hoist side) blue, golden yellow, red, and green; in the center, the apexes of the triangles are surmounted by a white disk; the only official flag is the national flag of France |
| Economy | Reunion |
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Economy - overview:
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The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but services now dominate. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrated the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$4.79 billion (2005 est.) |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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NA |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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2.5% (2005 est.) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$6,200 (2005 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 8% industry: 19% services: 73% (2000 est.) |
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Labor force:
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299,000 (2000) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 13% industry: 12% services: 75% (2000) |
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Unemployment rate:
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31% (1999 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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NA% |
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Budget:
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revenues: $554.7 million expenditures: $554.7 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1998) |
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Agriculture - products:
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sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn |
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Industries:
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sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
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Electricity - production:
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1.19 billion kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 55.5% hydro: 44.5% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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1.107 billion kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2003) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2003 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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18,500 bbl/day (2003 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA bbl/day |
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Oil - imports:
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NA bbl/day |
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Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2003 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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0 cu m (2003 est.) |
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Exports:
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$248.5 million f.o.b. (1997) |
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Exports - commodities:
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sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3% |
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Exports - partners:
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France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2004) |
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Imports:
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$3.306 billion c.i.f. (1997) |
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Imports - commodities:
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manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products |
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Imports - partners:
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France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2004) |
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Debt - external:
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$NA |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001 est.) |
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Currency (code):
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euro (EUR) |
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Currency code:
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EUR |
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Exchange rates:
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euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
| Communications | Reunion |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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300,000 (2001) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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579,200 (2004) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network international: country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001) |
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Radios:
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173,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001) |
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Televisions:
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127,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.re |
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Internet hosts:
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29 (2005) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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1 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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200,000 (2005) |
| Transportation | Reunion |
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Airports:
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2 (2005) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2005) |
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Roadways:
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total: 1,214 km (including 88 km of four-lane roads) (2001) |
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Ports and terminals:
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Le Port |
| Military | Reunion |
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Military branches:
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no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie) (2005) |
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Military service age and obligation:
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18 years of age (2004) |
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Manpower available for military service:
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males age 18-49: 183,421 females age 18-49: 185,606 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males age 18-49: 142,578 females age 18-49: 154,273 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower reaching military service age annually:
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males age 18-49: 7,339 females age 18-49: 7,007 (2005 est.) |
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Military - note:
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defense is the responsibility of France |
| Transnational Issues | Reunion |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
